Comparison of PCR vs Immunoassay vs Crispr-Based test
Full-text Download
Author:
Huajun Bai1 Xiaolong Cai1, 2* Xiaoyan Zhang1
1. R&D Center, GeneMedi Co.Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China (www.genemedi.net)
2. Hanbio Research Center, Hanbio Tech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China (www.hanbio.net)
Abstract:
The outbreak of COVID-19, caused by 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), has been a global public health threat and caught the worldwide concern. Scientists throughout the world are sparing all efforts to explore strategies for the determination of the 2019-nCoV virus and diagnosis of COVID-19 rapidly. Several assays are developed for COVID-19 test , including RT-PCR, coronavirus antigens-based immunoassays, and CRISPR-based strategies (Cas13a or Cas12a), etc. Different assays have their advantages and drawbacks, and people should choose the most suitable assay according to their demands. Here, we make a brief introduction about these assays and give a simple overview of them, hoping to help doctors and researchers to select the most suitable assay for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 test (COVID-19 test) .
Comparison of PCR vs Immunoassay vs Crispr-Based test
Among the three methods for COVID-19 test, IgM/IgG point-of-care lateral flow test is the simplest and most rapid regardless of professional skill, and cost the least time with no requirement of additional instruments. Based on the detection of viral RNA, CRISPR-based tests are simpler and easier than RT-PCR test with no need for bulky instruments and complicated operations.
| Methods | RT-PCR | Immunoassay based point-of-care lateral flow test | CRISPR-based test |
| Specificity | High | High | High | Consumption time | 4-6 hours | Within 15 min | Within 1 hour |
| Bulky instrumentation | Required | No requirement | No requirement |
| Disadvantage | False negative result may occur due to improper handling | Long term needed for antibody generation after infection | Off-targets may exist |
| Cost | High | Low | Low |
| Target | Different departments have various targets, such as Orf1ab, N gene, E gene | IgM/IgG against SARS-CoV-2 | SHERLOCK system: Orf1ab, S gene; DETECTR system: E gene and N gene. |
| Sample | Urine, blood, saliva, specimen from respiratory, etc. | Blood | Urine, blood, saliva, etc. |
Table 4 A summary and comparison of different strategies for COVID-19 test.
Acknowledgement
Tribute to the medical staff fighting against the COVID-19 all over the world. Thanks for the helps from our colleagues from Hanbio Tech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China (www.hanbio.net) and GeneMedi Co.Ltd., Shanghai, P.R. China (www.genemedi.net) respectively.
Reference
1.
L.E.a.V.D.M. Gralinski, Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. , Viruses, 2020. 12(2). (2020).
2.
J.L. V. M. Corman, M. Witzenrath, Coronaviruses as the cause of respiratory infections, Internist (Berl) 60, 1136-1145 (2019).
3.
Y. Yang, Q. Lu, M. Liu, Y. Wang, A. Zhang, N. Jalali, N. Dean, I. Longini, M.E. Halloran, B. Xu, X. Zhang, L. Wang, W. Liu, L. Fang, Epidemiological and clinical features of the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak in China, medRxiv, (2020).
4.
J. Li, S. Li, Y. Cai, Q. Liu, X. Li, Z. Zeng, Y. Chu, F. Zhu, F. Zeng, Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 17 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infections Outside Wuhan, China, medRxiv, (2020).
5.
C. Huang, Y. Wang, X. Li, L. Ren, J. Zhao, Y. Hu, L. Zhang, G. Fan, J. Xu, X. Gu, Z. Cheng, T. Yu, J. Xia, Y. Wei, W. Wu, X. Xie, W. Yin, H. Li, M. Liu, Y. Xiao, H. Gao, L. Guo, J. Xie, G. Wang, R. Jiang, Z. Gao, Q. Jin, J. Wang, B. Cao, Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, The Lancet, 395 (2020) 497-506.
6.
W.-j. Guan, Z.-y. Ni, Y. Hu, W.-h. Liang, C.-q. Ou, J.-x. He, L. Liu, H. Shan, C.-l. Lei, D.S.C. Hui, B. Du, L.-j. Li, G. Zeng, K.-Y. Yuen, R.-c. Chen, C.-l. Tang, T. Wang, P.-y. Chen, J. Xiang, S.-y. Li, J.-l. Wang, Z.-j. Liang, Y.-x. Peng, L. Wei, Y. Liu, Y.-h. Hu, P. Peng, J.-m. Wang, J.-y. Liu, Z. Chen, G. Li, Z.-j. Zheng, S.-q. Qiu, J. Luo, C.-j. Ye, S.-y. Zhu, N.-s. Zhong, Clinical characteristics of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in China, medRxiv, (2020).
7.
N. Chen, M. Zhou, X. Dong, J. Qu, F. Gong, Y. Han, Y. Qiu, J. Wang, Y. Liu, Y. Wei, J.a. Xia, T. Yu, X. Zhang, L. Zhang, Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study, The Lancet, 395 (2020) 507-513.
8.
A. Wu, Y. Peng, B. Huang, X. Ding, X. Wang, P. Niu, J. Meng, Z. Zhu, Z. Zhang, J. Wang, J. Sheng, L. Quan, Z. Xia, W. Tan, G. Cheng, T. Jiang, Genome Composition and Divergence of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Originating in China, Cell Host Microbe, (2020).
9.
R.C. A. R. Fehr, S. Perlman,, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome:Emergence of a Pathogenic Human Coronavirus, Annu Rev Med 68, 387-399 (2017).
10.
X.Y. Ge, Li, J.L., Yang, X.L., Chmura, A.A., Zhu, G.,Epstein, J.H., Mazet, J.K., Hu, B., Zhang, W., Peng,C., et al. , Isolation and characterization of a bat SARS-like coronavirus that uses the ACE2 receptor., Nature 503, 535–538 (2013).
11.
M. Hoffmann, H. Kleine-Weber, N. Krüger, M. Müller, C. Drosten, S. Pöhlmann, The novel coronavirus 2019 (2019-nCoV) uses the SARS-coronavirus receptor ACE2 and the cellular protease TMPRSS2 for entry into target cells, bioRxiv, (2020).
12.
C. Fan, K. Li, Y. Ding, W.L. Lu, J. Wang, ACE2 Expression in Kidney and Testis May Cause Kidney and Testis Damage After 2019-nCoV Infection, medRxiv, (2020).
13.
R. Channappanavar, C. Fett, M. Mack, P.P. Ten Eyck, D.K. Meyerholz, S. Perlman, Sex-Based Differences in Susceptibility to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection, The Journal of Immunology, 198 (2017) 4046-4053.
14.
J. Karlberg, D.S. Chong, W.Y. Lai, Do men have a higher case fatality rate of severe acute respiratory syndrome than women do?, Am J Epidemiol, 159 (2004) 229-231.
15.
Z. Li, M. Wu, J. Guo, J. Yao, X. Liao, S. Song, M. Han, J. Li, G. Duan, Y. Zhou, X. Wu, Z. Zhou, T. Wang, M. Hu, X. Chen, Y. Fu, C. Lei, H. Dong, Y. Zhou, H. Jia, X. Chen, J. Yan, Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of 2019-nCoV Patients, medRxiv, (2020).
16.
W.H. Ding YQ, Shen H, Li ZG, Geng J, Han HX, Cai JJ, Li X, Kang, W.D. W, Lu YD, Wu DH, He L, Yao KT, The clinical pathology of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS): a report from China., J Pathol, 2003, 200:282–289 (2003).
17.
Z.L. Lang ZW, Zhang SJ, Meng X, Li JQ, Song CZ, Sun L, Zhou YS, Dwyer DE, A clinicopathological study of three cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). , Pathology, 2003, 35:526–531 (2003).
18.
C.P. Chong PY, Ling AE, Franks TJ, Tai DY, Leo YS, Kaw GJ,, C.K. Wansaicheong G, Ean Oon LL, Teo ES, Tan KB, Nakajima, S.T. N, Travis WD, Analysis of deaths during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) epidemic in Singapore: challenges in determining a SARS diagnosis., Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2004,128:195–204 (2004).
19.
T.W. Chu KH, Tang CS, Lam MF, Lai FM, To KF, Fung KS, Tang HL, Yan WW, Chan HW, Lai TS, Tong KL, Lai KN, Acute renal impairment in coronavirus-associated severe acute respiratory syndrome., Kidney Int, 2005, 67:698–705 (2005).
20.
H.P. Wu VC, Lin WC, Huang JW, Tsai HB, Chen YM, Wu KD, and the SARS Research Group of the National Taiwan, Acute renal failure in SARS patients: more than rhabdomyolysis. , Nephrol Dial Transplant 2004, 19:3180–3182 (2004).
Collection of COVID-19 landscape knowledge base
Viral vector-based vaccine; DNA-based vaccine; RNA based vaccine
- A landscape for vaccine technology against infectious disease, COVID-19 and tumor.
An Insight of comparison between COVID-19 (2019-nCoV disease) and SARS in pathology and pathogenesis
COVID-19 landscape Knowledge Base
Facebook
LinkedIn
Twitter
