Cyclosporin A antibody/antigen (BSA/OVA/KLH conjugated hapten)

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anti-Cyclosporin A antibody and Carrier-coupled antigen/immunogen (hapten-carrier conjugates)

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Product information

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Product Description

BSA-Cyclosporin A

OVA-Cyclosporin A

Anti-Cyclosporin A mouse monoclonal antibody

Anti-Cyclosporin A human monoclonal antibody

Reference

Validation Data

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Biomarker Information

1.Cyclosporin A (CsA) Description:

Cyclosporin A, commonly referred to as CsA, stands as a fascinating small molecule within the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical realm. Classified as a cyclic peptide, CsA is derived from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum Gams, and its molecular structure has garnered substantial attention for its intricate pharmacological properties.

At its core, CsA is a cyclic undecapeptide consisting of 11 amino acids. This unique structure forms the basis of its immunosuppressive potential, making it a pivotal component of medical therapies, most notably in organ transplantation and the management of autoimmune diseases. CsA's precise mode of action involves the inhibition of calcineurin, a key enzyme involved in T-cell activation, thereby suppressing the immune system's response to foreign entities. This pharmacological action is particularly significant in the prevention of graft rejection following organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Role in Environmental (1):

Beyond its clinical applications, CsA has found its way into environmental research and assessment. Its presence in aquatic ecosystems has raised concerns due to its detection in water bodies. This presence can be attributed to its use in medical treatments and subsequent excretion by patients. As such, CsA serves as an essential subject for environmental studies and ecotoxicology investigations to comprehend its fate in the environment and evaluate its potential ecological impacts (2).

In the environmental context, the study of CsA goes beyond mere detection and monitoring. Researchers seek to understand how this small molecule interacts with aquatic organisms and ecosystems. They investigate the potential risks associated with its presence, its persistence in various environmental compartments, and the effects it may have on aquatic life and ecosystem health. Such studies help shape environmental management and risk assessment strategies, contributing to the safeguarding of our natural surroundings (3).

Furthermore, CsA's role in the environment is intertwined with the broader discussion of pharmaceuticals in the environment. This topic has gained prominence due to concerns about the occurrence of various pharmaceutical compounds in natural water bodies and their potential consequences. CsA serves as a representative case study, shedding light on the complexities and challenges of pharmaceuticals in the environment.

2.Reasons to Measure Cyclosporin A (3):

The measurement of CsA is an essential practice for a range of scientific, clinical, and industrial purposes. The following are some of the key reasons why precise quantification of CsA is imperative:

a. Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM): In the clinical arena, CsA is a cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy, especially in the context of organ transplantation. Achieving the right balance of therapeutic efficacy while minimizing potential side effects or toxicity is paramount. To achieve this delicate balance, healthcare providers rely on the measurement of CsA levels in a patient's blood. This practice, known as therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), allows clinicians to tailor treatment plans to each patient's unique requirements. It ensures that patients receive the optimal dosage to prevent graft rejection while avoiding undue immunosuppression (4).

b. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Studies: In the realm of pharmaceutical research and development, CsA serves as a model compound for the study of drug behavior within the human body. This encompasses its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, collectively referred to as ADME. Comprehensive knowledge of these pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties is vital for drug development, enabling researchers to optimize formulations, dosing regimens, and treatment outcomes. Accurate measurement of CsA is a cornerstone of these investigations, guiding the development of safer and more effective drugs (5).

c. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Monitoring (1): CsA's presence in the environment necessitates detailed investigations into its ecological impact. Understanding how this compound interacts with aquatic organisms and ecosystems is vital for assessing its potential risks. Researchers delve into CsA's fate in the environment, its transformation and degradation pathways, and its potential to bioaccumulate in aquatic life. Additionally, they explore the effects of CsA on aquatic organisms, from algae and invertebrates to fish and amphibians. These studies provide valuable insights into ecological risks and contribute to the formulation of ecotoxicological risk assessment guidelines (6).

d. Quality Control in Research and Manufacturing (3): In the biopharmaceutical industry and scientific research, CsA is a fundamental reference compound. It serves as a standard, calibration material, or positive control for a wide range of assays, experiments, and analytical methods. Ensuring the accuracy and precision of CsA measurements is critical for maintaining the quality and reliability of research data, as well as for the production of pharmaceutical products. As such, quality control measures are in place to validate the purity and concentration of CsA in various applications (7).

e. Bioanalytical Assays (3): Within the scientific community, especially in the field of immunology, CsA plays a pivotal role in bioanalytical assays. Researchers use CsA as a test compound to understand immune responses, assess immunosuppressive effects, and develop and validate immunoassays. Precise measurement of CsA concentration is essential for the success of these experiments, ensuring the reliability of results and the development of novel analytical techniques (8).

In summary, the measurement of CsA is a critical and multifaceted practice with far-reaching implications in clinical, environmental, and scientific domains. Accurate quantification of this small molecule is foundational for achieving research objectives, optimizing patient care, and ensuring the efficacy and safety of medical interventions. Additionally, it serves as a model compound for understanding the complex interplay between pharmaceuticals and the environment, contributing to our broader understanding of ecological risk assessment and environmental management.

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