Adeno Associated Virus (AAV)
AAV transduces cells through several stages: (1) viral binding to cell surface receptor/coreceptor, (2) endocytosis of the virus, (3) intracellular trafficking of the virus through the endosomal compartment, (4) endosomal escape of the virus, (5) intracellular trafficking of the virus to the nucleus and nuclear import, (6) virion uncoating, (7) viral genome conversion from a single-stranded to a double-stranded genome capable of expressing an encoded gene [34-36]. Since AAV can't encode polymerases, AAV is dependent upon cellular polymerase activity to replicate its own genome [37]. The presence of a helper virus such as adenovirus is indispensable for wild-type AAV to facilitate gene expression and replication. (Figure 2A) Without helper virus, expression of Rep68/Rep78 would be restricted owing to Ying Yang 1 (YY1) repression of the P5 promoter, leading to inhibition of AAV genome replication and gene expression, and initiation of AAV chromosome integration (Figure 2B) [38]. AAV establishes latency by undergoing specifically integration into a genome site, termed as the adeno-associated virus integration site 1 (AAVS1), a 4kb region on chromosome 19 (q13.4).

So far, no known disease has been demonstrated to be related to AAV though AAV has been detected in many tissues of animal species. Serological studies show that most people are exposed to wild-type AAV during childhood and adolescence and prevalence rates for antibody titers exceed 60% among adults, while no detrimental effects or lytic infections have been observed [39,40].

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Other knowledge bases

AAV Knowledge Base CRISPR/Cas9-gRNA system Knowledge Base

Adenovirus Knowledge Base Transfection Knowledge Base

Lentivirus Knowledge Base Advanced cell therapy

AAV(Adeno-Associated Virus) vector system

AAV1 vector system AAV2 vector system AAV2 variant(Y444F) vector system AAV2 variant (Y272F,Y444F,Y500F,Y730F) vector system AAV2 variant(Y444F,Y730F,Y500F,Y272F,Y704F,Y252F) vector system AAV2 variant(AAV2.7m8) vector system AAV5 vector system AAV8 vector system AAV8-1m vector system AAV8-2m vector system AAV8-3m vector system AAV9 vector system AAV-Rh10 vector system AAV-DJ vector system AAV-Dj8 vector system AAV2-Retro (Retrograde) vector system

AAV-PHP.B vector system AAV-PHP.eB vector system AAV-PHP.S vector system AAV-BR1 Vector System AAV-2i8 vector system AAV-SIG vector system AAV-VEC Vector System AAV4 Vector System AAV6 Vector System AAV6.2 Vector System AAV6.2FF Vector System AAV-MyoAAV 1A Vector System AAV-MyoAAV 2A Vector System AAV-MyoAAV 3A Vector System AAV-MyoAAV 4A Vector System AAV-MyoAAV 4E Vector System

AAV Rep-Cap plasmids (serotypes-specific AAV RC plasmids)

AAV1 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV2 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV2 variant (Y444F) Rep-Cap plasmid AAV2 variant (Y272F, Y444F, Y500F, Y730F) Rep-Cap plasmid AAV2 variant (Y444F, Y730F, Y500F, Y272F, Y704F, Y252F) Rep-Cap plasmid AAV2 variant(AAV2.7m8) Rep-Cap plasmid AAV5 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV8 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV8-1m Rep-Cap plasmid AAV8-2m Rep-Cap plasmid AAV8 variant (Y733F, Y447F, Y275) Rep-Cap plasmid AAV9 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-Rh.10 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-DJ Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-DJ/8 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-Retro (Retrograde) Rep-Cap plasmid

AAV-PHP.B Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-PHP.eB Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-PHP.S Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-BR1 Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-2i8 Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-SIG Rep-Cap plasmid AAV-VEC Rep-Cap plasmid AAV4 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV6 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV6.2 Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV6.2FF Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-MyoAAV1A Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-MyoAAV2A Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-MyoAAV3A Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-MyoAAV4A Rep-Cap Plasmid AAV-MyoAAV4E Rep-Cap Plasmid